Here is the beginning of a sushi glossary. I have found some of the explanations and japanese characters from Wikipedia.

Sushi styles:

• Nigiri sushi consists of an oval-shaped ball of rice topped with a slice of another item.
• Gunkan-maki is a type of sushi consisting a rice ball wrapped in a sheet of nori which extends in a cylinder upward to hold a loose topping like fish eggs.
• Maki sushi consists of rice and other ingredients rolled together with a sheet of nori. There are four types of maki:
• chu maki: middle sized rolled maki sushi usually with multiple ingredients
• futo maki: thick rolled maki sushi with several ingredients
• hoso maki: thinly rolled maki sushi with typically only one ingredient
• temaki (sushi): cone shaped maki sushi
• Aburi sushi consists of nigiri sushi with a fish topping that is partly grilled and partly raw
• Sashimi consists of sliced fish. Raw, cooked or pickled fish cut into 3-5 pieces. Usually presented on top of a few leaves of shiso and grated daikon with wasabi and ginger on the side.
• Chirashi are sampler of fish served over a bowl of sushi rice
• Donburri is similar to Chirashi but with just one kind of fish that you choose

Shortcuts ingredients:

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

A
Aji	Japanese jack mackerel	鯵
Aka-yagara	Cornetfish
Akagai	Red Clam
Ankimo	Monfish liver
Ama Ebi	Raw Shrimp	甘海老
Anago	Conger (saltwater) eel	穴子
Aoyagi	Round clam	青柳
Awabi	Abalone	鮑
Ayu	Sweet fish	鮎
B
Buri	Adult yellowtail	鰤
C
Chūtoro	Medium-fat bluefin tuna belly	中とろ
E
Ebi	Cooked/Boiled Shrimp	海老
F
Fugu	Poisonous Blowfish
G
Gari	Pickled Ginger. Yummy.
Gindara	Sablefish	銀鱈
Gobo	Burdock root.	牛蒡
Goma	Sesame Seeds (Black or White)
H
Hamachi	Yellowtail Tuna	魬, はまち
Hatahata	Sandfish	鰰
Hirame	Flounder/Halibut	平目, 鮃
Hokkigai	Surf Clam	ホッキ貝
Hotategai	Scallop	帆立貝, 海扇
I
Ika	Squid/Calamari	烏賊, いか
Ikura	Salmon Roe	イクラ
Inada	Very young yellowtail	鰍
Inari	Fried tofu skin
Iwashi	Sardine	鰯
K
Kaiware	Daikon Radish Sprouts
Kajiki	Swordfish	旗魚
Kani	Crab (also refers to imitation crab)	蟹
Kanikama	Imitation Crab also called California roll crab
Kanpyo	Dried Gourd	乾瓢, 干瓢
Karei	Flatfish	鰈
Katsuo	Bonito Tuna/Skipjack tuna	鰹, かつお
Kihada	Yellowfin tuna	黄膚, きはだ
Kurodai	Snapper	黒鯛
Kombu	Seaweed	昆布
M
Maguro	Bluefin Tuna	鮪
Makajiki	Blue marlin
Masu	Trout	鱒
Meji	Young tuna
Mirugai	Horseneck Clam/Geoduck	海松貝
N
Namako	Sea cucumber	なまこ, 海鼠
Natto	Fermented soy beans. For the gutsy ones.
Negi toro	Bluefin tuna belly and green onion	葱とろ
Niji masu	Rainbow trout	虹
Nori	Seaweed Sheet (used around the maki)
O
Ohyou	Halibut
Okoze	Stonefish	虎魚
Oshinko	Pickled vegetables, but means usually Takuan.
ōtoro	Fattiest bluefin tuna belly	大とろ
S
Saba	Mackerel	鯖
Sake	Salmon (Fresh or Smoked)	鮭
Sawara	Spanish mackerel	鰆
Shiso	Japanese mint.
Shiro Maguro	Albacore Tuna	白鮪
Soft shell crab	Soft shell crab. And yummy!
Suzuki	Sea Bass	鱸
T
Tai	Snapper/Sea Bream	鯛
Tako	Octopus	蛸, たこ
Takuan (Oshinko)	Pickled Daikon
Tamago	Sweet Egg Omelette	卵, 玉子
Tara	Cod	鱈
Tobiko	Flying Fish eggs (Bright Red/Orange/Green (colored) Caviar)
Torigai	Cocle	鳥貝
Toro	Belly Meat from Bluefin Tuna. (Toro-Fatty Tuna, Chutoro-Fattier Tuna, and Otoro-Fattiest Tuna.)	とろ
U
Umeboshi	Pickled ume fruit
Unagi	Freshwater Eel	鰻
Uni	Sea Urchin Roe	雲丹, 海胆
Uzura	Quail Egg
W
Wakame	Seaweed	若布
Wasabi	Japanese Horseradish. Be ware. It is addicitive.	山葵, わさび